GREEN ECONOMY-ORIENTED INVESTMENT POLICY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN AND TURKEY

Abstract

The concept of the "green economy," first formally articulated in the late 1980s, has evolved from a niche environmental consideration into a central paradigm for global economic policy. In the wake of successive global crises, from the 2008 financial meltdown to the ongoing climate emergency, international institutions have increasingly championed the green economy as a robust framework for recovery and long-term resilience. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been at the forefront of this movement, promoting the idea of "green stimulus packages" and defining a green economy as one that simultaneously fosters "improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities". (UNITAR. (n.d.) Definitions for Green Economy.) This definition reframes environmental protection not as a constraint on growth but as a prerequisite for sustainable and equitable prosperity. It is a model that is inherently low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive, aiming to decouple economic activity from environmental degradation.